The Francois Vase is the earliest Athenian volute krater preserved complete. The shape appears before the end of the seventh century and continues until the late fourth century B.C. The form may have been inspired by Peloponnesian bronze vessels. History: Possibly derived from the column krater ( though the volute krater's neck is higher), it is not a very common shape. The mouth is slightly set off from the wide neck. Shape: The characteristic handles consist of ordinary looped handles, which are attached horizontally to the shoulder of the vessel from the top of these looped handles a broad strap which has flanges and sometimes ribbed sides rises vertically to form an elaborate volute above the rim of the vase. Etruscan civilization endured until it was assimilated into Roman society.Īssimilation began in the late 4th century BC as a result of the Roman–Etruscan Wars it accelerated with the grant of Roman citizenship in 90 BC, and became complete in 27 BC, when the Etruscans' territory was incorporated into the newly established Roman Empire.A wine-mixing vessel with a wide mouth, a deep, broad body and volute-shaped handles. This is the period of the Iron Age Villanovan culture, considered to be the earliest phase of Etruscan civilization, which itself developed from the previous late Bronze Age Proto-Villanovan culture in the same region.
The earliest evidence of a culture that is identifiably Etruscan dates from about 900 BC. After conquering adjacent lands, its territory covered at its greatest extent, roughly what is now Tuscany, western Umbria, and northern Lazio, as well as what are now the Po Valley, Emilia-Romagna, south-eastern Lombardy, southern Veneto, and western Campania. The Etruscan civilization was developed by a people of Etruria in ancient Italy with a common language and culture who formed a federation of city-states.
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